What is the oxidizer most often utilized in commercial hybrid rocket motors?

The most commonly utilized oxidizer in commercial hybrid rocket motors is nitrous oxide. This choice is preferred primarily due to its advantageous properties. Nitrous oxide is stable at room temperature, making it easier to handle compared to other oxidizers, which may require complicated storage solutions or present increased risk during transport and use.

Additionally, nitrous oxide has a high specific impulse when burned with suitable fuels, like rubber or other composite materials, commonly found in hybrid rocket designs. This makes it an effective choice for achieving the performance requirements of the rockets while maintaining safety during operation.

Focusing on the other options provides further context; liquid oxygen, while a powerful oxidizer, is typically used in traditional liquid rocket engines and requires cryogenic handling, which imposes additional complexities and risks. Hydrogen peroxide is used in some hybrid systems, but it is less common due to challenges such as stability and handling safety. Carbon dioxide is not a suitable oxidizer in rocketry, as it does not facilitate the combustion process necessary for propulsion. Therefore, nitrous oxide stands out as the optimal choice in the commercial hybrid sector for its balance of performance, safety, and ease of handling.